@phdthesis{eprintsunpak10698,
           month = {January},
          school = {Universitas Pakuan},
            year = {2026},
           title = {SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TEAK LEAF LITTLE ACTIVATED CHARCOAL (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) AS AN ALTERNATIVE ADSORBENT FOR CADMIUM METAL IONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY WASTEWATER},
          author = {Unggul Tri Pakerti},
             url = {http://eprints.unpak.ac.id/10698/},
        abstract = {SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TEAK LEAF LITTLE ACTIVATED CHARCOAL (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) AS AN ALTERNATIVE ADSORBENT FOR CADMIUM METAL IONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY WASTEWATER
Ani Iryania*), Yulian Syahputrib), Unggul Tri Pekertib) 
a)	Study Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Pakuan, Indonesia 
b) 	Study Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Pakuan, Indonesia 
*)	Corresponding Author: author@address.com 

DOI: ?
Article history: received ....; revised ....; accepted ...; published ....
 
 ABSTRACT. (12 pt, bold, space 1.5)
Environmental pollution caused by heavy metals has become a serious problem in the world, especially in the environment. One of the heavy metals that can make serious problems is cadmium (Cd). Environmental laboratory activities produce wate water containing cadmium. An efficient, simple and inexpensive method that can be done to overcome this problem is the use of activated charcoal adsorbents. One of the materials that can be used as activated charcoal is teak leaf litter. This study aims to synthesize activated charcoal from teak leaf litter (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) which is physically activated, determine the quality of activated charcoal based on SNI 06-3730-1995 for water content, ash content, iodine absorption, volatile matter content, and carbon content, determine the efficiency and adsorption capacity of the absorption of cadmium ions in environmental laboratory waste water and determine the adsorption isotherm model.
This study includes the process of making and characterizing activated charcoal using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), testing the quality of activated charcoal which will be compared with SNI 06-3730-1995, optimization of activated charcoal based on pH, adsorbent weight and adsorption contact time and determining the adsorption isotherm model. Furthermore, an analysis of cadmium levels in environmental laboratory waste water before and after adsorption with teak leaf litter activated charcoal was carried out.
Based on the research, the results obtained that in the FTIR spectrum there are functional groups O-H, C=O, C?C, C=C, and C-O with greater intensity for charcoal after activation and the results of SEM characterization show a more open and spread pore morphology on the surface of activated charcoal. Activated charcoal from teak leaf litter meets the requirements of SNI 06-3730-1995 powdered activated charcoal requirements for parameters of water content, iodine absorption capacity, volatile matter content, and carbon content but does not meet the standard parameters of ash content. The optimum adsorption conditions occur at pH 7, adsorbent weight of 0.5 grams, and contact time of 30 minutes for 100 mL of environmental laboratory liquid waste. The adsorption process of activated charcoal from teak leaf litter meets the Freundlich isotherm patterns. Activated charcoal from teak leaf litter is able to reduce the level of cadmium metal ions in environmental laboratory liquid waste with an efficiency of 99.81\%.

Keywords: Waste Water, Cadmium Metal, Activated Charcoal, Teak Leaf Litter, Adsorption.
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}