{
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      "abstract": "RISMA RAHAYU. 021121439. Program Studi Manajemen. Analisis Financial Distress\r\nMenggunakan Perbandingan Model Altman, Model Springate, Model Zmijewski, dan Model \r\nGrover Pada Sektor Energi yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2019-2023. Di bawah bimbingan: \r\nOKTORI KISWATI ZAINI dan ABEL GANDHY. 2025. \r\nSektor energi merupakan sektor vital dalam pembangunan ekonomi, pada 2023 peringkat \r\nkedua dalam kontribusi kapitalisasi pasar Indonesia. Namun, banyak perusahaan energi \r\nmengalami penurunan laba serta sebanyak 50% diantaranya mencatatkan kerugian selama \r\n2019–2023 yang mengindikasikan financial distress. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis \r\nkondisi kesulitan keuangan pada sektor energi menggunakan model Altman, Springate, \r\nZmijewski, dan Grover.\r\nJenis penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan data sekunder laporan keuangan 18 dari 82 \r\nperusahaan energi yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling periode 2019–2023. \r\nHasil analisis model Altman pada 2019, terindikasi 12 perusahaan distress, 4 gray area, dan \r\n2 sehat. Pada 2020, 10 distress, 5 gray area, dan 3 sehat. Pada 2021, 10 distress, 4 gray area, \r\ndan 4 sehat. Pada 2022, 11 distress, 3 gray area, dan 4 sehat. Pada 2023, 11 distress, 3 gray \r\narea, dan 4 sehat. Model Springate, tahun 2019, 2020, dan 2022 terindikasi 16 distress, dan 2 \r\nsehat. Pada 2021, 18 distress. Pada 2023, 17 distress, dan 1 sehat.ModelZmijewski pada 2019 \r\ndan 2022 terindikasi 9 distress, serta 9 sehat. Pada 2020 dan 2021, 8 distress dan 10 sehat. \r\nPada 2023, 6 distress, dan 12 sehat. Sedangkan model Grover pada 2019 terindikasi 9 distress, \r\ndan 9 sehat. Pada 2020 6 distress, 2 gray area, serta 10 sehat. Pada 2021, 6 distress, 1 gray \r\narea, dan 11 sehat. Pada 2022 dan 2023, 8 distress, dan 10 sehat.\r\nKata Kunci : Altman, Springate, Zmijewski, Grover, dan Financial Distress",
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